Legal and Ethical constraints in Factual Television Production

Constraint	Describe the details of constraint	Explain how the constraint will directly impact on your documentary
Filming in public	Filming in public cannot be just done there and then, there are forms that may need to be signed in order for a person to appear in the documentary.  This is done for identity protection as the person may not want their faces to be shown on Television or the internet itself. This is also done for unwanted infringement as quoted from the stakeholders.ofcom.com website. This meaning if a person is shown in the show/documentary without their consent the production could go to a halt until the case is solved. Also this part of the constraint links with the Data Protection Act (1998) which allows the persons data to be used fairly.	I Don’t plan to do an interview in public but if I were to do one it would be with a student who has done graphics maybe from university to give their opinion. This could potentially affect my interview as they may not want to contribute towards it. This is quite unique to my documentary as it is using students who have a great knowledge in graphics. I could do a vox pop but they may not want to be in the documentary or they may want their faces blurred out which I will have to do because that is what the interviewee has requested me to do.
Clearances and permissions (Copyright Law)	According to the copyright law this is enabled as soon as a piece of work such as Music, Video etc is created. It gives the creator the right to publicise the piece of work, rent/lend the created work and allow him to copy it. It also states that if it was created by a single person he has exclusive rights to the work that has been created. This means that as the rightful owner he/she can lend, reproduce the work with the other person having full permission to use the work. Also of the person is working for a company the work that is produced will be given the ownership as they have hired him/her to work and produce the work.	To use archive footage I will need to use permission otherwise I will not be able to use the videos in my documentary. Without archive footage it would give my documentary some form of realism but it won’t prove my topic question in “why graphics is a niche subject” or will not prove any evidence towards the topic I am investigating. Also I cannot use music without permission as well as other videos in my documentary because of the fact that I could be flagged for using music without permission. Also without any music the documentary would be bland and I don’t think the viewer will be engaged to watch it if the documentary was just me talking throughout the whole 5 Minutes. Overall I cannot take ownership for piece of multimedia that I do not own to prevent any problems coming into play when I start creating the documentary.
Media Privacy Law	This refers to the law which regulate the way agencies collect, store and use  personal information while giving you access to it. This law will inform you when they are collecting information from you.	This law will barely affect my documentary because of the fact that I am not using their personal information and I am getting permission from the teachers to interview them. Also I will not be using their full names just what they go by in school to further protect their identities.
Libel and defamation Law	This law allows people to have the power to take legal actions if their identity is being misused or portrayed in a different way via communication.	Again this will not affect my documentary as the identities portrayed in this documentary will be used appropriately and I will not be misusing them and creating other portrayals of the people in the documentary.
BBC editorial guideline 1	Accuracy Guideline – Here is where the regulation state that I you need to have evidence for everything that you show in the video	This will not affect my documentary because I will have proof for everything that I say or have shown in the video. Also I have researched 5 questions which I will ask and use stats to prove my point.
BBC editorial guideline 2	Impartiality Guideline – The regulation states that when gathering evidence we need to see both sides of the argument and not take one side.	To remove the possibility of impartiality I will ensure I will see both sides of the argument and show them in the documentary. Also I will ensure that I do not take any sides of the argument and let people say what they have to say about the topic or question itself.
BBC editorial guideline 3	Fairness, Contributions and Consent – This guideline states that I need to be fair to everyone that contributes in the documentary.	I will ensure that any contributors are given credit for what they do in my documentary. And when interviewing get their consent that I am allowed to use them in the documentary. Also I will need to be fair to the audience by giving them information that is relevant and true and not made up in any way to change their views.
Ofcom Guideline 1	Privacy Ofcom Guideline - This is where the regulation allows the person’s identity to be kept safe and not distributed without the persons consent.	This may impact our documentary because of the fact that people may not want to be seen on the video itself but may want to contribute to what I am investigating throughout the documentary. As mentioned before I will ensure that their faces are blurred out and their names are not shown in the video itself.
Ofcom Guideline 2	Fairness Guideline – This regulation allows everyone in the documentary to be treated with equality.	To ensure this does not affect my documentary I will be ensuring that I see both sides of the arguments and not being bias towards anyone’s’ comment. Also by abiding to the fairness Ofcom regulation I will ensure that the viewers have a balance of thoughts when watching the whole documentary.
Ofcom Guideline 3	Harm and Offence Guideline – Here the regulation states that I am not allowed to show images that may not be appropriate to my target audience.	This will not affect my documentary as I am talking about art and if there are any inappropriate art or graphics pieces they will not be shown in my video or blurred out in order to abide by the regulation. Also as my target audience is from 16-19 I will be limited to what I can show to my audience because I have a variety of viewers.

Analysing the Competition

I have rejected two of my 3 ideas and have chosen the topic "Why is Graphics  a niche subject?" I have gone with the route of education so for this part of the Unit I will need to find competing documentaries and try and put out content which will be a better alternative to the current educational documentary. I will be using B.A.R.B to get some statistics on each programme I find so that I can come up with a solution to what time I can show the documentary and what target audiences will be watching at that time.  I just don't need to use a single channel but I will have to browse a variety of channels such as BBC 1, BBC 2, BBC Three, Channel 4, Dave etc.

In order to find out my competing documentaries which currently go on TV I will need to search through he Internet for suitable times, Target Audience & which shows that are similar to mine or have a sort of connection with my Documentary of why graphics is a niche subject. By using B.A.R.B I will be finding relatively similar Factual TV Programmes which correlate to mine and could be a possible rival towards my documentary.




The first programme which could be a potential rival could be educating the East End as it is mainly focused on educating and in this case related to my documentary. The programme currently goes on channel 4. According to TvGuide this programme currently goes on from 9:00 pm till 10:00 pm which is an hour long. The target audience here would be teenagers as they do stay up late and watch Television, the age range for the target audience would be 16-19 as it relates to them literally. The show is based on teenagers' lives which they can relate to. This programme shows a daily school day from Frederick Bremer School. Last week "Educating the East End" received 1,800(Thousand views). This information was from Broadcasters' audience research board (BARB). This is what they had stated for the past week EDUCATING THE EAST END (Thu 09 Oct 2014, 2101) 1,800 (Thousands of viewers). The similarities between this shows format will be the way I portray school children throughout the documentary. During a graphics lesson I will be letting the camera role and using voice overs to talk about how the lesson went and see why students take graphics itself. Also another similarity would be that I would be mainly basing the topic in school as it is a subject that is taken during the school career.

In terms of beating the viewing figures for "educating the east end" I would try and implement more realistic videos such as letting the lesson go by on its own and analysing what people like about graphics as a subject. I will try and get in some interviews from people who have taken graphics to get they're views on why they took graphics as a whole. Also I will try and use a variety of locations to keep the viewers of the documentary engaged. This will hopefully give me the edge of a more realistic documentary compared to "Educating the East End" where they're shows are quite scripted.

The Broadcast Figures

Another possible competing show would be Jamie Olivers' show called "Jamie's Dream School" where he tries to get students to give education a second chance. He uses his cooking skills to tell the students why education is so important and why you need to try and motivate yourself into going to school . This programme is shown on Channel 4 at 9PM according to The Guardian. Also viewing figures are shown on this website as BARB does not provide the statistics from this programme due to the time it was made which was 3 Years ago. The guardian states that Jamie Olivers' show attracted 5.8% of the 9PM-10PM category of Channel 4 making that 1.4 Million viewers. They say this is not the ideal number from Channel 4's point of view.

The similarities I hold with this show is that mine is based on school careers and education. Here we can see that Jamie is teaching a group of teenagers who are very similar to my target audience to my documentary which would be ideal. Also he is teaching a lesson which I plan to record in documentary as it will show why the young people enjoy taking graphics as mentioned above and come to a conclusion on why people do not like Graphics in general.

The try and beat this show in terms of viewing figures I could try to get the teacher to set-up some cameras around the whole classroom and see how a lesson actually goes. This meaning I will need to get the teachers' consent in me recording students for my documentary. Also the students will be informed there are cameras around the room but to tell them that they are there for security purposes.



The final show that will compete with my documentary would be Brian Clarke : Colourig Light (An Artist Apart). This documentary is about a man named Brian Clarke who is one of the world's best stained glass artists and who has collaborated with many famous people in art. This show airs at 10PM on BBC Four and runs for 60 Mins. As this was a 3 part documentary there weren't any viewing figures available for me to find as it was broad-casted 3 Years ago. Nevertheless there are similarities which I have found which can relate to my documentary.

At the start of the clip provided we can see that he shows the viewer the location they are at which I will be doing with a variety of locations.Also he uses images in a little montage to show the audience what he is talking about (Voice Of God). This will be implemented in mine showing the viewers some previous pieces of art and Graphics to be in my documentary. Also I will be ravelling around London to find places which sell Graphics or teach graphics. A 1:19 we can see Brain Clarke sitting on a chair and talking to the viewers which I could again implement into my documentary.

In terms of beating this programme I will try and make the documentary more active rather than just doing constant voice overs for the viewers. I will try and make the documentary lively and engaging to watch by doing activities with other students my age and seeing how they cope with doing graphics whether they're a graphics student or not.

My overall conclusion is that these shows are very similar to my documentary and I will be using these as a type of guide to get ideas which I could implement into my documentary. Also find ideas and improve them to make my documentary more competing for the viewing figures. Through facts and figures I have learnt that the best viewing times for my show would be at 9PM as these shows clearly state that they have been shown at those times. Also the target audience at that times are relatively similar to mine which are  an age group from 17-19 because those shows include the target audience I am aiming for. So this means my show will air from 9PM to 10PM with a target audience of 17-19 Year Olds.

Content Ideas - 5 Key Questions

Nicky Morgan (Arts is worthless):

Here Nicky Morgan stated that “If you didn't know what you wanted to do… then the arts and the humanities were what you chose because they were useful, we were told, for all kinds of jobs,” she said. I could possibly ask the interviewee this and ask them their opinion on that. They could argue that it gives you elements of practicality, creativity, writing skills along with the course. The site provides us with descriptive information which shows facts and figures. "She said too many young people were still making GCSE and A-level choices at school that held them back for the rest of their life." The website has many quotes which relates to what Nicky Morgan had said in relation to the subject.

I think this would  be an ideal way to start of my documentary as it is an article that has been on the news and throughout the course of the whole documentary I can slowly narrow the topic from arts to graphics and get some of the below questions answered. This will help me structure my documentary as I can ask many graphics designers/professors etc to give their opinions on Nicky's statement which she sent out nationally. The link below shows the article in graeat details so I can start of my documentary of with this statemnt and then gradually narrow the topic down to graphics.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/11221081/Nicky-Morgan-pupils-held-back-by-overemphasis-on-arts.html 

Does the uptake of graphics as a niche subject vary throughout each stage of education (Secondary Education to University)

Here I will be investigating whether people change their minds throughout the stages of education. Hopefully here I can figure out some sort of statistics which will allow me to further extend my knowledge to why graphics is a niche subject. I hopefully will be able to interview a professor from a University which will allow me to get information on their students and the requirements Graphics as a whole needs for a person to take it as a degree at University.

WEBSITE UPDATING new statistics for the Graphics Department .....

https://unistats.direct.gov.uk/subjects/overview/10000385FT-BAGDS/ReturnTo/Search

Why does a student not take graphics as part of their school career (Whether it's Secondary or Uni)? What influences students to take graphics?

This website states that Problem Solving and Creative thinking skills are developed throughout the course. I could argue that students get the impression that they need the skills in order to function in the lesson where in this case it is not necessary at all. I could ask this throughout my interview with a teacher because they can tell me from their previous experiences with students and maybe tell us a brief explanation to why students do not go onto take graphics in A-Level or even as a career opportunity in University.

 * It is an advantage to have studied Technical Graphics at Junior Cert. level.

    * Free-hand sketching is a main component of the core therefore Junior Cert art, materials technology wood and/or technology would serve as an advantage in this area.

    * A basic knowledge of ICT skills is also beneficial.

    * Students must also appreciate that work completed must conform to a high standard of neatness and draftsman-ship.

The highlighted text above is from the website and shows what graphics Design / Design & Tech requires. I could counter my argument as well here as it shows that you need some form of knowledge of ICT which could put people of if they are not familiar with programs which relate to graphics and technology.

http://www.careersportal.ie/ed_training/leaving_cert_subjects.php?menu_parent_id=2&course_id=32&ed_sub_cat_id=7&course_name=Design+and+Communication+Graphics&search1=graphics&search2=drawing

What is required of students to take graphics?

This is quite a major question of my documentary because this will show a clear description of why a student may or may not want to take Graphics. To get a clear view on this I will be interviewing Graphics Teachers from various schools (If agreed by teacher) to get their point across in this documentary on why students reject the idea of Graphics.

Resources

Students require an A3 document wallet to contain their work. They need continual ICT access and the materials specific to their Design and Make task.

Clubs, trips and visits

Students are encouraged to make research trips to record and take photographs relevant to their individual projects.

A thing which I found out through these websites is that a lot of travelling around is needed for their pieces of work. Such as going to museums, taking photographs of building ect. Some students tend to be lazy so that could be an argument but its not very valid to answer this question. Also they need to carry around an A3 Folder which can be a hassle for some students and if forgotten to lesson they will not be able to work. It needs quite the responsibility.

http://www.hillview.kent.sch.uk/page/?pid=538 (Travelling , Deadlines, Creativity)

http://www.brooks.edu/student-life/brooks-blog/august-2013/3-questions-to-ask-about-audience-when-designing-a-graphic

Do people from a Cultural background tend to stick with the stereotypical options or go beyond? (Careers, If a person is from an Asian background would their parents want them to become a lawyer or doctor etc )

Some cultures tend to lead away from subjects such as Graphics and Arts because they want to get into the mainstream subjects such as Maths, Science, Business etc. This is because the students' parents want to keep the tradition going through the family. This may sound stereotypical but an Asian background family would want their sons/daughter to become a doctor as their relatives are in careers related to doctors & medicine. That is my point of view as I have experienced it. Below you will find a table for Median Pay in 2012 for Graphics. These statistics will have changed but I have no access to them.



We can see that they have a decent pay. We can take these statistics into consideration when talking with people who are experts in the field of Graphics. I could also figure out what the lowest pay for Doctors & Graphics are and see which pays less.

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/arts-and-design/graphic-designers.htm

What skills does graphics provide which will help people in real life situations / Future?

People argue that major subjects such as Maths & Science give you skills which you can use in real life situations. Subjects such as Arts and Graphics tend to be neglected here. I found a website which supports that Graphics is as equal as the other subjects.

Visual Problem Solving

Flexibility and Creativity Under Pressure

Strategic Use of Visuals and Typography

Process-Oriented Design

Presentation and Attention to Detail

The website shows that these skills are learnt and mastered throughout the course. I could ask a professor from a University to see if these live up to the expectations and if they actually occur in real life situations. This question usually has two sides to the argument so I think it will show a clear direction to whether it is a good subject for Real Life situations or not.

http://godsofart.com/skills-for-graphic-designers

Rationale

Additional Information:
The reason why I will be developing this idea is that fact that I had recieved good feedback from the Focus Groups. There were a more variety of questions and I could answer them with ease without having to think about it. Also as I have done the subject before I think it will help me out during filming/production because I will have a better idea on what to do. The focus group gave me things to think about such as how will I get information on graphics itself, what research will I have to do in order to find out a more accurate answer etc.

Initital Ideas Focus Groups

Idea 1 : Does gaming affect the education rate?



The video above talks about how Gaming affects the education rate. This meaning does gaming a lot affect the rate of education that people learn or perform in class. I think this was a great idea to do as I would do an experiment to let a person game for a few hours and let them do a test which could see if their marks are different. Also I have chosen to interview a gamer who games for a long period of time and ask him whether they think gaming for long hours has any symptoms regarding the gaming.
I think that if I did this idea it could possibly be hard to get a gamer to get into an interview as they maybe busy with their gaming career.

In this video i also explain why I had chosen a participatory mode and interactive mode. I think that this documentary could perform well if I execute it properly. This meaning if I can get the audience to be engaged throughout the whole of the documentary without getting bored. I could possibly do video games that are very popular in the industry at the moment such as Call Of Duty or Fifa. Also I think I could see if different types of games affect the learning rate such as Violence/Grunge/Gore vs Racing games. I could possibly do an experiment both at the same time where on person plays the violent game and the other plays the racing game.

As explained in the video I will be seeing a doctor and getting information on what could possibly happen to the brain or even eye sight because long periods of gaming in front of a TV Screen could potentially damage the eye sight of the player.

Feedback for Idea 1 : 


I received really good feedback questions regarding this idea, such as "Do I know any gaming experts?" at 0:09  I think this was a very good question as if I did not know any gamers or gaming experts my documentary could go to a halt until I find one to interview. I had to think about all the aspects of this documentary as I cannot cut corners or the documentary will not looks professional and potentially lose viewers because of he fact that it is going to be boring. Also I had to ensure I had a gamer in my Documentary as people who watch this mainly being my target audience will refer tot the game because they would probably watch them on YouTube or other games streaming sites such as Twitch. I also had to ensure that the gamer or gaming expert I was interviewing had to live in the UK because it would be unrealistic to go to for example America to interview a gamer as there will be no time and it would cost too much just for an interview.

At 1:05 I was asked another good question about finding potential participants for my gaming experiment who are willing to give up their time for a gaming experiment which would last for a long period of time. This meant I had to go around looking for people who actually do game for a long time and are willing to spare their time for the documentary. Also as there are not many people I know of that game for a long period of time it would be harder to accomplish the documentary but if I did come across one it would be a very good implementation into the documentary by having a gaming experiment.

Idea 2 : Does rap influence people negatively? 


For my second Idea I went with the topic of "Does rap music influence people negatively?" The reason why I had chosen this topic was because of the fact that I listen to rap every single day and it could possibly make me a different person because I may want to be like one of the rappers. So this documentary would try and find an answer whether it actually does or not.

I personally think that rap music make people act differently such as they make people think about doing drugs as people from the rapping community tend to smoke and do cannabis and other drugs which are shown in the videos. Also they show them drinking
 alcohol which makes the viewers want to try it out. Also they portray women as sex objects so again it can change views that others have against women.

I think I could possibly find a solution to the question by asking people who wok in the rapping industry. I know a few contacts from a company called DV8 who are a organisation who have experts in the field of music, art, fashion etc. I can contact them and ask for some people to get interviewed as they can easily contact people who do rap music.

Feedback for Idea 2:

At 0:15 of this feedback video I was asked a very good question about the type of rap I was going to be using for the documentary. I had told them that I'd be using the most stereotypical rap because they are the most influential. For example 2Pac's Rap would be different to Drake's as 2Pac raps about his life and Drake raps about Women, Drugs & Alcohol. This is why I had chosen to go with the modern rap with the stereotypes. The overall feedback for this documentary idea was very successful and very possible to do. I was also asked whether I know people who rap and luckily I had done a course throughout the summer called The Challenge and I met a create Studies school called DV8 and they introduced me to a few people who had been successful in their school and who have become quite recognized in the Music Industry.

Idea 3 : Why is graphics a niche subject?

For my Final Idea I have chosen to do why Graphics is such a niche subject. Throughout the video I talk about all my ideas regarding this idea and how I will put forward into getting interviews with graphics related teachers. I was thinking of doing an experiment which will allow me to find out to a further extent in why people/student do not carry on Graphics to a higher level or even to University when they have taken it as a subject.
Feedback for Idea 3:

My documentary Ideas.

IDEA 1:

Documentary Topic:

Does gaming affect the education learn rate?

Documentary Angle:

Does gaming really affect the mind? Ask doctors which have speciality in psychological experiments.

Is it a bad thing that people game? Does it show an improvement in education? Yes/No

What makes people game? Why does it get people to stick with it?

Documentary Mode and Why?

The documentary will mainly be an interactive and a participatory documentary as I will hopefully carry out an experiment which will see whether gaming affects the brain or not by playing games for a certain period of time and seeing what the side effects are. The participatory part would be the experiment that I will be carrying out. This is to show the viewers whether the gaming side of people affects the education in any way. We could possibly use graphics to show a chart of a person who doesn't game and does game or a graphics to show the hours played in link with the answers to a test (experiment) they are given.

Appeal to the target audience?

The target audience would be everyone in the age group of 14-20 Year old because of the fact that that is the main target audience for gamers. This will; be aimed at both genders because there are girls who play video games. 

How much information will you assume your audience know already?

I will know that the audience have an understanding of what gaming is because this will relate to them to an extensive extent. So what games consoles are out there, what games are available for those consoles ect.

Key Groups you hope to interview:

I hope to interview a gamer who will tell us his experiences of gaming for long hours. Also a doctor who will tell us the side effects of gaming against education. What is does to the brain and other body parts.

IDEA 2:

Documentary Topic:

Does rap music influence people negatively?

Documentary Angle:

Does the stereotypes of rap influence people on how they dress? How they behave? How the talk?

Documentary Mode and Why?

The documentary here will mostly be an observational mode because we are observing the outcomes of people who listen to rap as their main form of music. We could get get a person to listen to rap music for a very long period of times and see what they do after listening to a lot of rap music. Whether their behaviour has changed or the way they talk changed ect.

Appeal to the target audience?

The target audience will be ages from 16-25 because this is the age group that rap would appeal to because of the rappers ages as well. The target audience would be key because each age could act differently towards the hearing of rap music.

How much information will you assume your audience know already?

Rap artists is what the audience should know because music plays a major part of their life because at least every person in the 16-25 listens to a form of rap everyday whether it's their favourite artist or not.

Key Groups you hope to interview:

We could possibly interview a rapper from the UK, which can be possible but yet hard to get hold of. We could also interview a person who listens to rap only and see how they behave to questions being asked ect.

IDEA 3:

Documentary Topic:

Why is graphics a niche subject.

Documentary Angle:

Find out information why people do not take graphics during A-Level or GCSE? What puts people off graphics work?

Documentary Mode and Why?

The documentary will be a participatory mode related documentary because I am going to go through a serious of challenges against a person who has never done graphics to seer why they will or will not take graphics for GCSE or A-Level. The experiment will show whether they like it or not. And possibly we could include a graph which shows the percentage of people who want to take graphics or not.

Appeal to the target audience?

The target audience will be ages from 15-19 Year old as Graphics is a subject which they take for GCSE's or A-Levels. I have chosen this because these are the age groups which would possible take graphics  as a subject for their future career.

How much information will you assume your audience know already?

I think my audience should know what graphics is to an extent as in what they do in graphics ect.  I think this because graphics is talked about a lot in 2014. Even if they have a brief understanding of it, it would be acceptable.

Key Groups you hope to interview:

I will hope to interview a graphics teacher from a few schools around the area to get their opinion of the topic I am covering. And interview a few students who didnt take graphics and did take graphics.